China ke naha e kholo ea tlhahiso, haholo-holo e susumetsoang ke leqhubu la nts'etsopele ea moruo oa naha, liindasteri tse amanang le tlhahiso ea China li fihletse litholoana tse ntle haholo. Ka indasteri ea mechini,likereke likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa le tse hlokahalang haholo, tse sebelisoang mafapheng a fapaneng a moruo oa naha. Ntlafatso e matla ea indasteri ea tlhahiso ea China e tsamaisitse tsoelopele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa.

Hajoale, boqapi bo ikemetseng bo fetohile sehlooho sa sehlooho salisebelisoa indasteri, 'me e boetse e kentse nako ea phetoho. Matsatsing ana, tlhahiso e bohlale e fetohile leano le lecha le khothaletsoang ke mmuso. Indasteri ea li-gear e na le litšobotsi tsa maemo le li-batch tse kholo, 'me ho bonolo ho lemoha phetoho ho tataiso e bohlale. Ho ka boleloa hore bothata bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ba likhoebo tsa hona joale tse etsang li-gear ke tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea ho fetola mokhoa oa tlhahiso le ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ho iketsetsa lifeme.

Taba ea pele, boemo ba nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa China

Indasteri ea lisebelisoa ke indasteri ea mantlha ea indasteri ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa ea China. E na le khokahano e phahameng ea liindasteri, ho monya mesebetsi e matla, le chelete e ngata ea tekheniki. Ke tiisetso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa indasteri ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa ho fihlela ntlafatso ea indasteri le tsoelo-pele ea thekenoloji.

Kamora lilemo tse 30 tsa nts'etsopele, Chinalisebelisoa indasteri e kenyelelitsoe ka botlalo tsamaisong ea lefatše e tšehetsang, 'me e thehile tsamaiso ea indasteri e phethahetseng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. E hlokometse nalane ea phetoho ho tloha pheletsong e tlase ho isa bohareng, sistimi ea theknoloji ea gear le sistimi e tloaelehileng ea theknoloji ea gear e thehiloe. Indasteri ea lithuthuthu, likoloi, motlakase oa moea le mochini oa kaho ke tsona tse susumetsang nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa naha ea heso. E susumetsoa ke liindasteri tsena tse amanang, tekanyo ea chelete ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa e bontša mokhoa oa ho hōla ka potlako, 'me tekanyo ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa e ntse e eketseha. Lintlha li bontša hore ka 2016, boleng ba 'maraka oa indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa naha ea heso bo ne bo ka ba li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 230, e leng boemo ba pele lefatšeng. Ka 2017, boleng ba tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa gear bo fihlile li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 236, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 7.02%, e leng karolo ea 61% ea kakaretso ea boleng ba likarolo tse akaretsang tsa mochine.

Ho ea ka tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa, indasteri ea lisebelisoa e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro: lisebelisoa tsa likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa indasteri le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng; lisebelisoa tsa lihlahisoa tsa likoloi tsa likoloi li kenyelletsa likoloi tse fapaneng, lithuthuthu, mechini ea kaho, mechini ea temo le likoloi tsa sesole, joalo-joalo; Lisebelisoa tsa lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa tsa indasteri,Mabala a likere tsa indasteri a kenyelletsa likepe tsa metsing, tsa meepo, tsa tšepe, lifofane, matla a motlakase, joalo-joalo, lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa lisebelisoa ke lisebelisoa tsa ho etsa lisebelisoa tse kang lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa mochini bakeng sa likere, lisebelisoa tsa ho seha joalo-joalo.

Mmarakeng o moholo oa lisebelisoa tsa China, karolo ea 'maraka ea likere tsa likoloi e fihla ho 62%,' me likere tsa indasteri li etsa 38%. Har'a tsona, likere tsa likoloi li etsa karolo ea 62% ea likere tsa likoloi, ke hore, 38% ea 'maraka oa likoloi ka kakaretso, le likarolo tse ling tsa likoloi tsa likoloi bakeng sa likere tse akaretsang. 24% ea 'maraka.

Ho latela pono ea tlhahiso, ho na le likhoebo tse fetang 5,000 tse etsang li-gear, likhoebo tse fetang 1,000 1,000 ka holimo ho boholo bo behiloeng, le likhoebo tse kholo tse fetang 300. Ho ea ka sehlopha sa lihlahisoa tsa lisebelisoa, karolo ea lihlahisoa tse phahameng, tse mahareng le tse tlaase li ka ba 35%, 35% le 30%;

Mabapi le tshehetso ya leano, “Sehlopha sa Moralo wa Naha wa Moralo wa Naha wa Mahlale le Nako e Telele ya Ntshetsopele ya Saense le Thekenoloji (2006-2020)”, “Leano la Tokiso le Tsosoloso ya Indaseteri ya Tlhahiso ya Disebediswa”, “Leano la Boleshome le Metso e Mehlano la Dikarolo tsa Motheo tsa Mechine, Tlhahiso ya Motheo. Indasteri ea Theknoloji le Lintho tsa Motheo" "Leano la Nts'etsopele" le "Litaelo tsa ho Kenngwa Tshebetsong ha Merero e Matla ea Indasteri e Matla (2016-2020)" li lokollotsoe ka ho latellana, tse bileng le karolo e kholo ho nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea lisebelisoa le lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa le nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea bona. .

Ho ea ka pono ea bareki, likere li sebelisoa haholo likoloing tse fapaneng, lithuthuthu, likoloi tsa temo, lisebelisoa tsa ho fehla motlakase, lisebelisoa tsa meaho tsa tšepe, mochini oa kaho, likepe, lisebelisoa tsa lipalangoang tsa terene le liroboto. Lisebelisoa tsena li hloka ho nepahala ho holimo le holimo, ho ts'epahala, bokhoni ba phetisetso le bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso ea likere le likarolo tsa lisebelisoa. Ho latela pono ea boleng ba likere (ho kenyeletsoa le lisebelisoa tsa likere), likere tse fapaneng tsa likoloi li nka karolo e fetang 60%, 'me likere tse ling li nka karolo e ka tlase ho 40%. Ka selemo sa 2017, baetsi ba likoloi ba fapaneng ba ile ba hlahisa le ho rekisa likoloi tse ka bang limilione tse 29, tse nang le li-transmission tsa letsoho, li-automatic transmissions, li-axle tsa koloi le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tsa li-yuan tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 140. Ka 2017, 126.61GW ea matla a sa tsoa kenngoa a ho fehla matla a ile a eketsoa naheng ka bophara. Har'a tsona, 45.1GW ea matla a kentsoeng a futhumatsang, 9.13GW ea matla a kentsoeng a fehloa ka metsi, 16.23GW ea matla a moea a hoketsoeng ke grid, 53.99GW ea matla a letsatsi a hoketsoeng ke grid, le 2.16GW ea matla a kentsoeng matla a nyutlelie. Lisebelisoa tsena tsa ho fehla motlakase li na le lihlahisoa tsa lisebelisoa tse kang li-gearbox tse eketsang lebelo le li-conduction tsa li-yuan tse libilione.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka tšehetso ea maano le lichelete, bokhoni ba ho nchafatsa indasteri bo matlafalitsoe haholo. Likhoebo tse ling tse itlhommeng pele indastering li thehile lipolanete tse ncha tsa R&D joalo ka litsi tsa theknoloji ea likhoebo tsa naha, litsi tsa mosebetsi tsa morao-rao tsa khoebo, litsi tsa mosebetsi tsa borutehi, le litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa likhoebo, li rala motheo oa nts'etsopele ea boqapi. Palo ea litokelo tsa litokelo tsa molao e holimo ebile e le boleng bo holimo, haholo-holo palo ea litokelo tsa boqapi e eketsehile haholo. Ho entsoe likatleho tse kholo katlehong ea mahlale le mahlale, le theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo joalo ka liraka tse nang le meno a thata, li-gearbox tse kholo tsa mosebetsi o boima oa lipolanete, le phetisetso ea othomathike ea 8AT bakeng sa ho phahamisa sekepe sa Three Gorges. e fihlile boemong bo phahameng ba machaba. Likhoebo tse fapaneng li shebana le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso ho latela litšobotsi le melemo ea tsona. Khoebo e le 'ngoe e nka karolo e nyane ea karolo ea mmaraka ka kakaretso, 'me 'maraka oa lisebelisoa tsa lapeng o tlase.

2. Mokhoa oa nakong e tlang oa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa

Motlakase, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, bohlale le boima bo bobebe ke mekhoa ea ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa tsa nakong e tlang, tseo e leng liphephetso le menyetla ea lik'hamphani tsa lisebelisoa tsa setso.

Kemiso ea Motlakase: Ho kenngoa ha motlakase ho tlisa mathata phetisong ea lisebelisoa tsa setso. Bothata boo e bo tlisang ke: ka lehlakoreng le leng, phetisetso ea lisebelisoa tsa setso e ntlafatsoa ho ea mohahong o bonolo le o bobebe ka lebelo le phahameng, lerata le tlaase, ts'ebetso e phahameng, ho nepahala ho phahameng le bophelo bo bolelele. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e tobane le ho khelosoa ha koloi e tobileng ea motlakase ntle le phetiso ea lisebelisoa. Ka hona, lik'hamphani tsa setso tsa phetisetso ea li-gear ha lia lokela ho ithuta feela mokhoa oa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa motlakase bakeng sa taolo ea lerata ea phetisetso ea lisebelisoa ka lebelo le phahameng haholo (≥15000rpm), ho nka menyetla ea kholo ea phetisetso e ncha e hlahisoang ke kholo ea hona joale e phatlohang ea motlakase. likoloi, empa hape ela hloko bokamoso. Tšokelo ea phetoho ea theknoloji e se nang gearless ea motlakase o otlolohileng le theknoloji ea phetisetso ea motlakase ho indasteri ea phetisetso ea lisebelisoa tsa setso le indasteri ea lisebelisoa.

Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo: Nakong e tlang, tlholisano ea 'maraka e tla ba monate le ho feta,' me tlhoko ea lihlahisoa e tla ba ea mefuta-futa le ea motho ka mong, empa tlhoko ea sehlahisoa se le seng e kanna ea se be kholo haholo. Joalo ka indasteri ea mantlha indastering ea tlhahiso, indasteri ea lisebelisoa e tlameha ho tobana le masimo a mangata a tlase. Phapang ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa le ts'ebetso e ntle e hlahisa litlhoko tse phahameng. Ka hona, hoa hlokahala hore likhoebo li thehe mokhoa o feto-fetohang oa tlhahiso ho phethela mesebetsi ea tlhahiso ea lihlopha tsa mefuta e fapaneng ka ho lokisa lisebelisoa moleng o le mong oa tlhahiso, o sa finyelleng litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa mefuta e mengata, empa hape o fokotsa nako ea ho theoha ha lisebelisoa. kopano le hlokomela tlhahiso tenyetsehang. ho aha tlholisano ea mantlha ea likhoebo.

Intelligentization: Ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea thekenoloji ea taolo mochining e etsa hore mochini o itirise; ts'ebeliso e felletseng ea thekenoloji ea taolo, theknoloji ea puisano ea tlhahisoleseling, le theknoloji ea marang-rang e etsa hore mechini le tlhahiso e be bohlale. Bakeng sa likhoebo tse hlahisang lisebelisoa tsa setso, phephetso ke mokhoa oa ho tsebahatsa boenjiniere ba motlakase, boenjiniere ba elektroniki, theknoloji ea taolo, theknoloji ea marang-rang le kopanyo.

Boima bo bobebe: Lisebelisoa tse bobebe le tse matla haholo, phokotso ea boima ba sebopeho le phetoho ea bokaholimo le matlafatso li hloka tšebelisano-'moho le indasteri e fapaneng le theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea ketsiso.