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OEm omm ohHo etsa lintho tse hlahisang setsi, Li-enjine tsa koloi li sebelisa mefuta e mengata ea likere ho etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng. Li-gears tsena li thusa ts'ebetsong e sebetsang ea enjene le likarolo tsa eona. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea likerere tse sebelisoang lienjineng tsa likoloi:
Li-gears tsa nako: Li-gear tsa nako li sebelisetsoa ho hokahanya ho bula le ho koaloa ha enjene ea enjene ka motsamao oa li-pistons. Ba netefatsa hore li-valve li bula le ho koala nako e nepahetseng, e lumella ho kopanya le ho sebetsa hantle le ho sebetsa ka enjine.
Grankshaft gears:Litoro tsa crankshaft li sebelisetsoa ho fetisa matla ho li-mochine ho ea ho li-mochine ho ea ho li-mochine ho lijalo tse tsamaeang ka metsamao ea li-pistons tsa ho potoloha. Mohato ona oa ho potoloha o sebelisoa ho khanna likarolo tse ling tsa enjine le lisebelisoa tse ling.
Seteishene sa Camshaft: Li-gear tsa Camshaft li sebelisetsoa ho khanna camshaft, e laolang ho bula le ho koala lihlaetso tsa enjene. Seteishene sa camshaft li netefatsa hore camshaft e potoloha ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ea lebelo la crankshaft.
Lijana tsa Pompo ea oli: Lijana tsa mokopa tsa oli li sebelisetsoa oli ea oli ho tsoa ho pane ea oli ho ea likarolo tsa enjine, joalo ka camshaft, ho li ts'oara le ho fokotsa likhohlano. Lubritric e nepahetseng e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ntle le ho phela nako e telele ea enjene.
Bala sebaka sa gear: Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa enjhe li sebelisa li-shafts tsa ho fokotsa meeli ho fokotsa ho momaka. Lijana tsa Silft Shaft li sebelisetsoa ho khanna li-shafts tsena tsa ho leka-lekana, li netefatsa hore li potoloha ka lebelo le mohato ka mokhoa o nepahetseng lehlokoa le Crankshaft.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho khanna: Liraka tsa ho khanna li sebelisetsoa ho khanna likarolo tse kang pompo ea metsi, pompo ea motlakase ea matla le selekane sa motlakase, le alternator. Lijana tsena li tiisa hore likarolo tsena li sebetsa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ka lebelo le nepahetseng le koluoa le lebelo la koloi.
Liraka tsa phetiso
TLitone tsa rachin ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea sistimi ea koloi, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho fetisetsa matla ho enjene ho ea ho enjine ka lebelo le Torque. Mona ke mefuta ea mantlha ea phetiso e fumanoang ka har'a likoloi:
Lenaneo la phetisetso ea bukaNgaka ea ho fanoa, mokhanni o khetha libalakeng tse sebelisang gear shifter le clutch. Li-gears tse ka sehloohong phepong ea bukana e kenyelletsa:
Ho qala gear ea pele (gear e tlase): e fana ka toropo e kholo bakeng sa ho qala koloi ho tloha semeng.
Li-gear tsa bobeli: tse sebelisoang ka lebelo le itekanetseng le ho potlakisa.
Li-gear tsa boraro: tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ho tsamaea ka maoto ka lebelo le mahareng.
Gear ea bone (e feteletseng): e sebelisetsoang ho kuta ka lebelo, moo lebelo la enjene le tlaase ho feta lebelo la koloi.
Li-gear tsa bohlano (li fetelletsa): Litlatsetso tse ling tsa libuka li na le lisebelisoa tsa bohlano ka lebelo le leholo le lefu la lebelo.
GREAST GIRESPhetiso e ikemetseng, sistimi ea phetiso ka boeona e khetha lijarete tse tsoang ka lebelo la koloi, mojaro oa enjene le mabaka a mang le mabaka a mang. Lijana tse ka sehloohong ho phetisetso e ikemetseng li kenyelletsa:
Park (leq): Lits'oants'o tsa ho thibela koloi ho thibela koloi ho sisinyeha.
Reverse (R): Kopa likepe ho lumella koloi hore e khutlele morao.
Ho se nke lehlakore (N): Lahlela likere, e lumella enjene ho matha ntle le ho khanna mabili.
Khanna (D): E fumana likere tsa pele ho tsamaea pele. Lipere tse ling tsa boiketsetso le tsona li na le likarolo tse ling tsa lebelo le fapaneng.
Phetoho e tsoelang pele e fetohe (CVT): CVT e sebelisa sistimi ea li-pulleys le mabanta ho fana ka palo e sa feleng ea literene tse sa feleng, ho fapana le ho se masepa merero. Sena se lumella ho iphahatsisoa le ho ntlafatsa khatello ea mafura.
Phetisetso ea dual-clutch (dct): DCT e kopanya katleho ea phetisetso ea libuka ka mokhoa o bonolo oa phetiso e ikemetseng. E sebelisa likokoanyana tse peli tse arohaneng bakeng sa tse sa tloaelehang esita le li-gears, li lumella liphetoho tse potlakileng le tse boreleli.
Lirapa tsa phetisetso ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho laola lebelo le toropo ea koloi, ts'ebetso ea phetisetso ea phetisetso e ka ama tšebetso ea koloi, katleho ea mafura le boiphihlelo ba ho khanna.
Tsamaiso ea Gear
Sistimi e tsamaeang ka koloi e sebelisa mefuta e mengata ea likerekeng ho fetola motsamao o potolohileng oa lebili le lokelang ho bulela mabili. Mona ke mefuta e ka sehloohong ea lintoa tse sebelisitsoeng tsamaisong e tsamaeang le eona:
Seboko le gear gear: Ena ke mofuta o tloaelehileng oa lisebelisoa tse sebelisitsoeng tsamaisong ea tsamaiso. Lebili la Tsamaiso le hokahane le moqomo ka lisebelisoa tsa seboko, tse nang le meshe tse nang le li-gere tse hokahaneng le likhokahanong tse tsamaeang le lik'hasehelo. Ha lebili le tsamaeang le leba, gure ea sebobo e potoloha, e etsa hore lefatše le hokahane le sisinyeha, le tjekela mabili.
Rack le Pinion: Tsamaisong ena, lebili le tsamaeang le hokahana le grar ea pione, e nang le meshe e nang le lisebelisoa tse halikiloeng tse khomaretsoeng khokahano ea lichineng. Ha lebili le tsamaeang le reteloa, lehare la gear le potoloha, ho tsamaisa li-gear le ho fetola mabili. Litsamaiso tsa Rack le Pinina Tsamaisong e ea tsebahala ka lebaka la bonolo le likarabo.
Bolo ea ho iphelisa: Sisteme ena e sebelisa mochine o phetoang ea bolo ea ho fetolela ho feto-fetoha ha lebili le tsamaeang ka tatellano ea maoto a hlokahalang ho fetola mabili. Lisebelisoa tsa seboko li potoloha letoto la libolo tse phetoang, tse tsamaeang hantle li hokahaneng le likhokelo tsa ho tsamaisa, li fetola mabili.
Tsamaiso ea Gearbox: Tsamaiso e tsamaisoang ke karolo ea matlotlo a sebelisoang tsamaisong ea tsamaiso. Ka tloaelo e kenelletse ka pele ho koluoa ea koloi 'me e na le likere tse hlokahalang ho fetola motsamao oa ho potoloha oa lebili la ho tsamaisa ka mokhoa o hlokahalang ho fetola mabili.
Tsena ke mefuta ea mantlha ea likere tse sebelisoang tsamaisong e tsamaeang. Mofuta oa sistimi ea lisebelisoa o sebelisitsoeng o ka fapana ho latela moralo oa koloi le motsamao o batlang o ikutloa. Ho sa tsotelehe mofuta oa mofuta, likere tse tsamaisong e tsamaeang li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lumella mokhanni hore a laole tataiso ea koloi.
Gear e fapaneng
Gear e fapaneng e fapana ke karolo ea bohlokoa driverain ea koloi, haholo likoloi tse nang le mabili a ka morao-rao kapa ka mabili ohle. E lumella mabili a khanna ho potoloha ka lebelo le fapaneng ha a ntse a fetisa matla ho enjene ho ea mabitleng ho ea ho koung. Mona ke tsela e tloaelehileng e sebetsang le hore na hobaneng ho le bohlokoa:
KAMOO E SE ETSANG:
TLHOKOMELISO: phapang e amohela matla ho tloha phetisong ea phetisetso kapa nyeoe ea ho fetisetsa, hangata e le ho khanna.
Ho arola matla: phapang e pepesa matla ho tloha ho khanna ho khanna ho ea ho driveshaft ho tsoa ka har'a lebili le leng le le leng la drive.
E lumella lebelo le fapaneng: Ha koloi e ntse e fetoha, lebili la kantle le tsamaea hole ho feta lebili le ka hare. Se fapaneng se lumella mabili hore a potoloha ka lebelo le fapaneng ho amohela phapang ena.
E lekanya toropo: phapang e boetse e thusa ho leka-lekanya lebili le leng le le leng, ho na le bonnete ba hore mabili ka bobeli a phetlela letsoho.
Bohlokoa ba gear e fapaneng:
Ho cheka: Ha ho na mabili a fapaneng, mabili a ne a ka qobelloa ho potoloha ka lebelo le tšoanang, ho etsa hore ho be thata ho fihla. Seaparo se lumella mabili ho potoloha lebelo le fapaneng nakong ea lihlabula, ho ntlafatsa matla a matla.
Takatso: E lokela ho ba thusa ho boloka tebello ka ho lumella mabili ho fetola lebelo la bona ho ea ka sebaka. Sena se bohlokoa haholo ho tsela e sa thekeng kapa e thellang.
Ho phela le ho emisa mabili ho potoloha ka lebelo le fapaneng, ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo lithaere le likarolo tse ling tsa ho khanna, a ka khona ho bapala ka bophelo.
Ts'ebetso e Ntle: Tsela e fapaneng e sebetsang hantle ho netefatsa phano e boreleli le e tšoarellang ho mabili, ho ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ka kakaretso.
Ka kakaretso, lisebelisoa tse fapaneng ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea koloi, ho lumella likarolo tse boreleli, tse ntlafalitsoeng, li fokotsehile ka likarolo tsa mabili le driverain.
